When did Russia really begin its aggression against Ukraine?
This is an article from The Kyiv Independent
In order to understand how Russia’s aggression began, you should read the history of Ukraine and Russia. This begins in 1670, Seven Tales of Colonial Oppression in Ukraine, and then Seven Tales of Present-Day Oppression in Ukraine.
I suggest reading the book War and Punishment by Mikhail Zygar. Putin, Zelensky, and The Path to Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine.
Current-Day inUkraine is a constant struggle for Ukrainians, with constant attacks, and many are without electricity, heat, and water for hours or days at a time.
The YouTube video below documents Russia’s intention BEFORE the 2014 invasion of Crimea, and why Ukraine cannot and should not capitulate.


Those of you, my Substack family, are aware that the reporting on Ukraine is severely lacking, even here on Substack. Oleksander, our angel in Ukraine, is one of the boots on the ground bringing light to the darkness. There are others as well. Once I am in Odessa, my mission, my goal, is to bring their struggle; I will say "Challenges" to our Substack community.
Two more books to read. Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin by Timothy Snyder.
Also, WAR, written by Bob Woodward.